Impaired activation of caspase cascade during cell death induced by newly synthesized singlet oxygen generator, 1-buthylnaphthalene-4-propionate endoperoxide

Endoperoxides of naphthalene derivatives generate singlet oxygen under physiological conditions. Here we have synthesized a new endoperoxide of a naphthalene derivative, 1-buthylnaphthalene-4-propionate endoperoxide (BNPE), and studied its cytotoxic properties on HepG2 and HaCaT cells. BNPE induced cell death at much lower concentration than 1-methylnaphthalene-4-propionate endoperoxide (MNPE) and naphthalene dipropionate endoperoxide (NDPE). A positive correlation exists between the amount of endoperoxide incorporated into cells and its cytotoxic ability. The cytotoxic effect of BNPE was attenuated by alpha-tocopherol but not by sodium azide. In contrast, the effects of MNPE and NDPE were attenuated by both alpha-tocopherol and sodium azide. The caspase cascade in cells treated with endoperoxide was impaired. Caspase activity in a soluble protein fraction were inhibited similarly by the above three endoperoxides. These results suggest an abortive apoptotic pathway due to the suppression of caspase activation is a general feature of cell death induced by singlet oxygen.