硫素对不同大豆品种成熟期AM真菌群落多样性的影响

研究硫素对不同大豆品种成熟期丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhizal，AM）真菌群落多样性的影响，探索有利于提高3个特定大豆品种根围土壤和根系AM真菌多样性的最佳施硫量，为提高大豆产量和改善大豆品质提供理论依据。试验采用盆栽，选用黑农44（HN44）、黑农48（HN48）、黑农37（HN37）3个大豆品种作为试验材料，设4个硫素处理S1（对照），S2（0.02g/kg），S3（0.04g/kg）和S4（0.06g/kg）。采用PCR-DGGE技术分析3个大豆品种根围土壤和根系中AM真菌群落多样性。结果表明：在S2处理下HN37和HN44根围土壤和根系AM真菌多样性最高，而在S3处理下HN48根围土壤和根系AM真菌多样性最高；DGGE图谱中各样品优势种群变化显著，球囊霉属Glomus和柄囊霉属Funneliformis真菌为3个大豆品种根围土壤和根系中AM真菌的优势菌群。由此可见，硫素对不同大豆品种根围土壤和根系AM真菌群落多样性有显著影响，适量施硫能够提高大豆根围土壤和根系中AM真菌的多样性，不施或过高施硫反而抑制AM真菌的多样性。

Effects of sulfur on the community diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during the ripening stage of different soybean cultivars

The effects of sulfur fertilization on the community diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi of different soybean cultivars during the ripening stage were investigated. The optimal amount of applied sulfur fertilization to improve the diversity of AM fungi in the rhizosphere soil and roots of three specific soybean cultivars was also explored in order to establish a theoretical foundation to increase soybean yield and quality. Three soybean cultivars, HN44, HN48 and HN37, were selected to seed in pots. The amount of applied sulfur fertilization was designed in four levels, S1, S2, S3 and S4 (0, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06g of elemental sulfur per kg of soil repectively). The community diversity of AM fungi in the rhizosphere soil and roots of the three soybean cultivars were analyzed using PCR-DGGE. The results showed that the diversity of AM fungi in the rhizosphere soil and roots of HN37 and HN44 reached the highest levels under S2 treatment, while that of HN48 were the highest under S3 treatment. The DGGE profiles showed that the dominant population changed significantly in every soybean cultivar. The dominant AM fungi were Glomus and Funneliformis in the rhizosphere soil and roots of the three soybean cultivars. The results indicated that sulfur fertilization had a significant effect on the community diversity of AM fungi in the rhizosphere soil and roots of different soybean cultivars. A moderate amount of sulfur increased diversity of AM fungi, while higher rates or no sulfur fertilizer suppressed the diversity.