前列腺干细胞抗原（PSCA）在肿瘤诊断及治疗中的应用*

前列腺干细胞抗原(PSCA)是最早发现于前列腺癌的GPI锚定的细胞膜蛋白,PSCA的在正常或肿瘤细胞中的具体的病理生理功能还不清楚。PSCA在前列腺癌、胰腺癌、膀胱癌等肿瘤中表达增加,相反在食管癌和胃癌中表达降低可能在胃上皮中发挥肿瘤抑制功能,PSCA发挥致瘤和抑瘤两种截然不同的作用与细胞所处的环境不同有关。除此之外,PSCA作为肿瘤的免疫治疗的靶点也显示出其良好的临床应用潜力。因此PSCA不仅成为肿瘤诊断和预后判断的生物学标记也是肿瘤免疫治疗重要的候选靶蛋白。本文对PSCA的功能和在前列腺癌以及其他肿瘤的临床诊断、预后判断以及治疗应用中的研究进展进行了综述,并讨论了未来PSCA的研究前景。

The Application of PSCA in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy*

Prostate stem cell antigen(PSCA) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-anchored cell surface protein,which initially was identified and isolated in prostate cancer.PSCA remains unknown about its physiological function and regulatory mechanism in normal and cancer cells.It is up-regulated in several cancers including prostate,bladder and pancreatic cancers.In contrast,PSCA is down-regulated in esophageal and gastric cancer and may have tumor-suppressing function in the gastric epithelium.PSCA appears to play differential roles,tumor promoting or suppressing,depending on the cellular context.In addition,PSCA has also shown clinical potential in immunotherapy for cancers.Therefore,PSCA is not only a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker but an attractive candidate target protein for immunotherapy for cancers.This article mainly introduces the research progress of the function of PSCA and the application of PSCA in cancer diagnosis,prognosis and immunotherapy.At last,we discuss the potential prospects of PSCA in future research.