Group selection of early replicators and the origin of life |
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| Authors: | E Szathmáry L Demeter |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Plant Taxonomy and Ecology, Roland Eötvös University, Budapest, Kun Béla tér 2., H-1083, Hungary;2. Department of Biochemistry and Food Technology, Budapest University of Technology, Budapest, Megyetem rakpart 3., H-1521, Hungary;1. Ruppin Academic Center, Emek-Hefer 40250, Israel;2. Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel;3. Afeka College of Engineering, Mivtsa-Kadesh, Tel-Aviv 6910717, Israel;1. Department of Philosophy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States;2. Cognitive Sciences Program, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States;3. Department of Psychology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, United States;4. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States;5. Center for Cognition, Action, and Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States;1. 1st Department of Surgery, 401 Army General Hospital of Athens, Greece;2. Department of Patology, 401 Army General Hospital of Athens, Greece;3. Department of Urology, 401 Army General Hospital of Athens, Greece;1. Nichiri Mfg. Co., Ltd., 324-5, Takatu, Yachiyo, Chiba 276-0036, Japan;2. Department of Applied Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan;1. Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Lab. J.L. Lions, UMR CNRS 7598, Inria , Paris, France;2. Sorbonne Universités, Inria, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Lab. J.L. Lions UMR CNRS 7598, Paris, France;3. Inria and Université Paris-Saclay, Campus de l׳Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France;4. Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France;1. Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA;2. BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA |
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| Abstract: | A major problem of the origin of life has been that of information integration. As Eigen (1971) has shown, a mutant distribution of RNAs replicating without the aid of a replicase cannot integrate sufficient information for the functioning of a higher-level unit utilizing several types of encoded enzymes. He proposed the hypercycle model to bridge this gap in prebiology. It can be shown by a nonlinear game model, incorporating mutation of a hypercycle, that the selection properties of hypercycles make them inefficient information integrators as they cannot compete favourably with all kinds of less efficient information carriers or mutationally coupled hypercycles. The stochastic corrector model is presented as an alternative resolution of Eigen's paradox. It assumes that replicative templates are competing within replicative compartments, whose selective values depend on the internal template composition via a catalytic acid in replication and "metabolism". The dynamics of template replication are analyzed by numerical simulation of master equations. Due to the stochasticity in replication and compartment fission the best compartment types recur. An Eigen equation at the compartment level is set up and calculated. Even selfish template mutants cannot destroy the system though they make it less efficient. The genetic information of templates is evaluated at both levels, and the higher (compartment) level successfully constrains the lower (template) one. Compartmentation together with stochastic effects is sufficient to integrate information dispersed in competitive replicators. Compartment selection is considered to be group selection of replicators. Implications for the origin of life are discussed. |
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