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Insulin utilizes the PI 3-kinase pathway to inhibit SP-A gene expression in lung epithelial cells |
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| Authors: | Olga L Miakotina Kelli L Goss Jeanne M Snyder |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA 2. Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA 4. Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA 3. Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA |
| Abstract: | Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. If we can define and detect preneoplastic lesions, we might have a chance of improving survival. The World Health Organization has defined three preneoplastic lesions of the bronchial epithelium: squamous dysplasia/carcinoma in situ; atypical adenomatous hyperplasia; and diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. These lesions are believed to progress to squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumors, respectively. In this review we summarize the data supporting the preneoplastic nature of these lesions, and delve into some of the genetic changes found in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and squamous dysplasia/carcinoma in situ. |
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