Novel strategies for inhibition of bacterial biofilm in chronic rhinosinusitis |
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Authors: | Aref Shariati Soheil Vesal Amin Khoshbayan Parnian Goudarzi Davood Darban-Sarokhalil Shabnam Razavi Mojtaba Didehdar Zahra Chegini |
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Affiliation: | 1. Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran;2. Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;4. Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran;5. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;6. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran |
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Abstract: | An important role has been recently reported for bacterial biofilm in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). CRS, affecting sinonasal mucosa, is a persistent inflammatory condition with a high prevalence around the world. Although the exact pathological mechanism of this disease has not been elicited yet, biofilm formation is known to lead to a more significant symptom burden and major objective clinical indicators. The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has severely restricted the application of antibiotics in recent years. Furthermore, systemic antibiotic therapy, on top of its insufficient concentration to eradicate bacteria in the sinonasal biofilm, often causes toxicity, antibiotic resistance, and an effect on the natural microbiota, in patients. Thus, coming up with alternative therapeutic options instead of systemic antibiotic therapy is emphasized in the treatment of bacterial biofilm in CRS patients. The use of topical antibiotic therapy and antibiotic eluting sinus stents that induce higher antibiotic concentration, and decrease side effects could be helpful. Besides, recent research recognized that various natural products, nitric oxide, and bacteriophage therapy, in addition to the hindered biofilm formation, could degrade the established bacterial biofilm. However, despite these improvements, new antibacterial agents and CRS biofilm interactions are complicated and need extensive research. Finally, most studies were performed in vitro, and more preclinical animal models and human studies are required to confirm the collected data. The present review is specifically discussing potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of bacterial biofilm in CRS patients. |
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Keywords: | antibiofilm agents bacterial biofilm chronic rhinosinusitis multi-drug resistant bacteria new therapeutic approaches |
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