Medial hypothalamic lesions and sexual receptivity in the female common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Medial hypothalamic lesions cause major deficits in sexual receptivity in a variety of mammalian species. Effects of such lesions upon sexual receptivity in female primates have not been investigated. Two experiments are described in which thermal lesions were made in the hypothalamus in 11 ovariectomized or ovariectomized/adrenalectomized, oestradiol-treated common marmosets. Proceptivity (sexual initiating behaviour) was reduced or abolished by lesions in the dorsomedial or ventromedial hypothalamus. Sexual receptivity was unaffected except in 3 females in which damage to the ventromedial area was associated with a 25-42% increase in terminations of males' mounts. However, this effect was reversed by treating females with oestradiol. Therefore, medial hypothalamic lesions have pronounced effects upon proceptivity in the marmoset, whereas effects upon receptivity are much less pronounced or absent. These results are discussed in relation to the evolution of the hormonal control of receptivity in anthropoid primates as compared to other mammals.