前列腺素D2及其受体与哺乳动物生殖

前列腺素D2(PGD2)是前列腺素(PGs)家族成员之一，广泛分布于各种哺乳动物组织中，并发挥多种生理功能。PGD，可以促进睡眠、诱导过敏反应、抑制血小板凝集及松弛平滑肌等，并且在生殖系统中起重要作用。机体中存在生化和免疫功能截然不同的两类前列腺素D合成酶(PGDs)：脑型PGDS(L-PGDS)和生血型PGDS(hPGDS)。生殖系统中，L-PGDS主要存在于雄性生殖道，可能在睾丸发育、精子发生、精子成熟以及血一睾和血一附睾屏障等方面发挥重要作用。hPGDS在妊娠时期的子宫内膜和胚胎滋养层中表达，由其产生的PGD2可能通过DP和CRTH2两种受体来维持妊娠。此外，PGD2还可能与女性不孕以及精子在雌性生殖道内的运输等有关。

Prostaglandin D2 and Its Receptor in Mammalian Reproductive System

Prostaglandin D 2 (PGD 2),a member of prostaglandins (PGs) family,is widely distributed in many kinds of mammalian tissues and exerts important physiological functions. PGD 2 induces sleep, allergic responses, inhibition of platelet aggregation and relaxation of smooth muscle. There are two prostaglandin D 2 synthases which are entirely different in biochemical and immunological functions, including lipocalin (brain) type PGDS (L PGDS) and hematopoietic PGDS (hPGDS). In reproductive system, L PGDS is mainly present in male reproductive tract and involves in testis development, spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, blood testis barrier and blood epididymis barrier. hPGDS is expressed in both pregnant endometrium and trophoblast. Pregnancy may be maintained through its dual receptors, DP and CRTH2. Additionally, PGD 2 may be also related to female infertility and sperm transport through the female genital tract.