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Tempo and mode of early gene loss in endosymbiotic bacteria from insects
Authors:F Delmotte   C Rispe   J Schaber   FJ Silva  A Moya
Affiliation:(1) UMR Sant? V?g?tale (INRA-ENITAB), INRA BP81, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France;(2) UMR Biologie des Organismes et des Populations appliqu?e ? la Protection des Plantes [BIO3P], INRA BP 35327, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France;(3) Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63–73, 14196 Berlin, Germany;(4) Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia, A.C. 22085, 46071 Valencia, Spain
Abstract:

Background  

Understanding evolutionary processes that drive genome reduction requires determining the tempo (rate) and the mode (size and types of deletions) of gene losses. In this study, we analysed five endosymbiotic genome sequences of the gamma-proteobacteria (three different Buchnera aphidicola strains, Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Blochmannia floridanus) to test if gene loss could be driven by the selective importance of genes. We used a parsimony method to reconstruct a minimal ancestral genome of insect endosymbionts and quantified gene loss along the branches of the phylogenetic tree. To evaluate the selective or functional importance of genes, we used a parameter that measures the level of adaptive codon bias in E. coli (i.e. codon adaptive index, or CAI), and also estimates of evolutionary rates (Ka) between pairs of orthologs either in free-living bacteria or in pairs of symbionts.
Keywords:
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