Neurofeedback Intervention in Fibromyalgia Syndrome; a Randomized,Controlled, Rater Blind Clinical Trial |
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Authors: | Sadi Kay?ran Erbil Dursun Nigar Dursun Numan Ermutlu Sacit Karamürsel |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, Old Istanbul Road 10, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey;(2) Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Science University, Istanbul, Turkey;(3) Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; |
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Abstract: | We designed a randomized, rater blind study to assess the efficacy of EEG Biofeedback (Neurofeedback-NFB) in patients with
fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Eighteen patients received twenty sessions of NFB-sensory motor rhythm (SMR) treatment (NFB group)
during 4 weeks, and eighteen patients were given 10 mg per day escitalopram treatment (control group) for 8 weeks. Visual
Analog Scales for pain and fatigue, Hamilton and Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory Scales, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire
and Short Form 36 were used as outcome measures which were applied at baseline and 2nd, 4th, 8th, 16th, 24th weeks. Mean amplitudes
of EEG rhythms (delta, theta, alpha, SMR, beta1 and beta2) and theta/SMR ratio were also measured in NFB group. All post-treatment
measurements showed significant improvements in both of the groups (for all parameters p < 0.05). NFB group displayed greater
benefits than controls (for all parameters p < 0.05). Therapeutic efficacy of NFB was found to begin at 2nd week and reached
to a maximum effect at 4th week. On the other hand, the improvements in SSRI treatment were also detected to begin at 2nd
week but reached to a maximum effect at 8th week. No statistically significant changes were noted regarding mean amplitudes
of EEG rhythms (p > 0.05 for all). However, theta/SMR ratio showed a significant decrease at 4th week compared to baseline
in the NFB group (p < 0.05). These data support the efficacy of NFB as a treatment for pain, psychological symptoms and impaired
quality of life associated with fibromyalgia. |
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