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New 1.5 million-year-old Homo erectus maxilla from Sangiran (Central Java, Indonesia) |
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| Authors: | Zaim Yahdi Ciochon Russell L Polanski Joshua M Grine Frederick E Bettis E Arthur Rizal Yan Franciscus Robert G Larick Roy R Heizler Matthew Aswan Eaves K Lindsay Marsh Hannah E |
| Affiliation: | a Department of Geology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, Java 40132, Indonesia b Department of Anthropology and Museum of Natural History, Macbride Hall, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA c Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA d Departments of Anthropology and Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA e Department of Geoscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA f Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA g Helios Laser, 160 East 238th Street, Euclid, OH 44123, USA h New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801, USA |
| Abstract: | Sangiran (Solo Basin, Central Java, Indonesia) is the singular Homo erectus fossil locale for Early Pleistocene Southeast Asia. Sangiran is the source for more than 80 specimens in deposits with 40Ar/39Ar ages of 1.51-0.9 Ma. In April 2001, we recovered a H. erectus left maxilla fragment (preserving P3- M2) from the Sangiran site of Bapang. The find spot lies at the base of the Bapang Formation type section in cemented gravelly sands traditionally called the Grenzbank Zone. Two meters above the find spot, pumice hornblende has produced an 40Ar/39Ar age of 1.51 ± 0.08 Ma. With the addition of Bpg 2001.04, Sangiran now has five H. erectus maxillae. We compare the new maxilla with homologs representing Sangiran H. erectus, Zhoukoudian H. erectus, Western H. erectus (pooled African and Georgian specimens), and Homo habilis. Greatest contrast is with the Zhoukoudian maxillae, which appear to exhibit a derived pattern of premolar-molar relationships compared to Western and Sangiran H. erectus. The dental patterns suggest distinct demic origins for the earlier H. erectus populations represented at Sangiran and the later population represented at Zhoukoudian. These two east Asian populations, separated by 5000 km and nearly 800 k.yr., may have had separate origins from different African/west Eurasian populations. |
| Keywords: | Southeast Asia Hominin evolution Homo habilis Grenzbank Zone Bapang formation Sangiran formation 40Ar/39Ar dating Zhoukoudian Dmanisi |
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