激素对水生植物生理生态的影响及其应用

激素代谢是植物传导信号和调节生长发育的重要途径.陆地植物五大类激素在水生植物中也有分布,尽管近年来环境污染导致水生植物衰退的问题日益得到重视,但水生植物激素的研究和应用却远滞后于陆生植物.在总结了近年来激素类物质在水生植物中的研究成果,分别从激素的种类、激素的生理生态作用、激素生物合成的途径及作用的部位和机制、激素之间的相互作用.激素类物质在实验和实践上的应用等进行了全面阐述,指出了水生植物激素生理生态学研究的发展方向,从利用激素类物质诱导水生植物抗性的表达,提高抗逆性,恢复水生植被,以及研究和开发适于水生植物生产和管理的生长调节剂等方面,就水生植物激素的进一步研究和应用进行了探讨.

Hormones and aquatic plants: physiology, ecology and utilization

Plant hormone metabolism provides plants with a means by which they cantransduce signals and adjust growth and development. Although the role of plant hormones on the growth and development of terrestrial angiosperms is well established, little is known about them aquatic plants. This paper reviewed recent researches on hormones in aquatic plants, including hormone diversity, ecophysiological role, biosynthesis pathway, target site, action mechanism and their interaction with each other. Five classical hormones (IAA, GAs, CTKs, ABA and ethylene) have been proved commonly to exist in aquatic plants as well as terrestrial plants except that Potamogeton pectinatus does not produce ethylene. These hormones play some different physiological roles in aquatic plant form land plant. They take active roles in eliciting the structural differentiation in aquatic plants. ABA induces the formation of aerial leaves while CTKs and GAs favor the formation of submerged ones. Asexual propagules, including turions and tubers, are induced. In pathway, C₃-like trait may be replaced by C₄-like trait under the control of hormones. The role of ethylene in aquatic plants is prominent and different from that in terrestrial plants. As ethylene diffuses more slowly in water than in air, higher concentration of ethylene accumulate in aquatic plants, thereby inducing shoot elongation. Research on the biosynthesis pathway, mechanism of action and interaction among types of hormones is limited in aquatic plants, but may be more complex than in terrestrial plants. Moreover, hormones have been proved useful for restoration of native species or management of exotic aquatic plants although their application is limited to small areas at present. To promote their study in the laboratory and practical use in management, we suggest new fields for research and use in future, including (1) discovering new effective plant growth regulators for aquatic plants and (2) restoration of aquatic plants by the induction of stress resistant gene expression under hormone control.