道路交通事故所致骨折特点、致伤机制及其与交通方式关系的研究

研究道路交通事故所致骨折的流行病学特点、骨折的特征及致伤机制;探讨交通方式与骨折的关系及其法医学意义,为预防、控制道路交通事故、交通伤骨折的急救及法医学的鉴定提供重要的依据.本文对2004年昆明市道路交通事故所致骨折518例临床法医鉴定及199例法医病理检验鉴定资料进行系统性分析研究.2005年及2006年.全国与云南省的交通事故数量下降趋势明显.交通事故所致骨折有以下特点:(1)多处、多发性骨折常见;(2)骨折部位呈"离心性分布";(3)暴力传导性骨折明显;(4)骨折刨伤严重,粉碎性及开放性骨折多见,多数需手术治疗;(5)下肢骨折常见,胫腓骨是下肢骨折最常见的部位;(6)四肢多发骨折常发生同侧肢体,摩托车、电动车、自行车驾驶员及乘员和行人发生四肢骨折时以同侧肢体多见,机动车驾驶员及机动车乘员以异侧肢体多见.骨折损伤方式以碰撞为主,其次是摔跌.

Characteristics and Mechanism of Fracture in Road Traffic Accidents and Traffic Manners

In order to provide considerable data for the research on medical care of traffic tranma and appraisement of forensic,this paper investigated the epidemiology and characteristics of bone fractures in road traffic accidents and analyzed the injury mechanism.The retrospective statistical analysis was carried out on 518 cases with clinical forensic medicine and 199 cases with forensic pathology medicine in the Center of Judicial Expertise of Kunming Medicine College in 2004.The road traffic accidents had obviously decreased from 2005 to 2006 in Yunnan province.The fractures in traffic accidents had the following characteristics:centrifugal distribution of the injuries,multiple fractures,lower extremities,force transmission and ipsilaterai occurrence.The injury mechanism was classified into five types:impacting,tumbling,incoordinate movement,stretch injury and crush and extrusion.