Unesterified long-chain fatty acids inhibit thyroid hormone binding to the nuclear receptor. Solubilized receptor and the receptor in cultured cells

Unesterified long-chain fatty acids strongly inhibited thyroid hormone (T3) binding to nuclear receptors extracted from rat liver, kidney, spleen, brain, testis and heart. Oleic acid was the most potent inhibitor, attaining 50% inhibition at 2.8 microM. Oleic acid similarly inhibited the partially purified receptor and enhanced dissociation of the preformed T3-receptor complex. The fatty acid acted in a soluble form and in a competitive manner for the T3-binding sites, thereby reducing the affinity of the receptor for T3. The affinity of the receptor for oleic acid (Ki) was 1.0 microM. In HTC rat hepatoma cells in culture, fatty acids added to the medium reached the nucleus and inhibited nuclear T3 binding; oleic acid being the most potent. T3 binding of the cells was reversibly restored in fresh medium free of added fatty acids. Oleic acid did not affect all the T3-binding sites in the HTC cells: one form (80%) was inhibited and the other was not and these two forms were commonly present in all rat tissues examined. Thus, fatty acids inhibited the solubilized nuclear receptor as well as a class of nuclear T3-binding sites in cells in culture.