Somatic embryogenesis in tamarillo (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyphomandra betacea</Emphasis>): approaches to increase efficiency of embryo formation and plant development |
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Authors: | Sandra Correia Ana Estefânia Cunha Lígia Salgueiro Jorge M Canhoto |
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Institution: | 1.Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Center of Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences,University of Coimbra,Coimbra,Portugal;2.Center of Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Science Campus,University of Coimbra,Coimbra,Portugal |
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Abstract: | Somatic embryogenesis induction and somatic embryo development of the solanaceous tamarillo tree were previously established
and successfully used for plant regeneration from different explants and varieties. Somatic embryogenesis was induced in Murashige
and Skoog medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or picloram and high sucrose concentrations (0.25 M). The
embryogenic tissues were transferred to an auxin-free medium, with reduced sucrose levels, to permit embryo development and
conversion into plantlets. This two-step protocol is often impaired by an ineffective transition from the proembryogenic masses
to embryo development. In this work, attempts to optimize the somatic embryogenesis system of tamarillo by improving the quality
of somatic embryo and embryo conversion were carried out. The results showed that the presence of a high number of abnormal
somatic embryos did not significantly inhibit plant conversion, hence indicating that shoot apical meristem development was
not affected in abnormal somatic embryos. It was also shown that the manipulation of sucrose concentration in the development
medium (0.11 M) and dark conditions before conversion increased the number of morphologically normal somatic embryos. The
comparison between mature cotyledonary zygotic and somatic embryos showed an inefficient accumulation of storage compounds,
mainly lipids, in somatic embryos. These reduced levels of lipid storage could be responsible for the abnormal patterns of
embryo development found in tamarillo somatic embryos. |
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