In vitro models of intestinal epithelial cell differentiation |
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Authors: | P Simon-Assmann N Turck M Sidhoum-Jenny G Gradwohl M Kedinger |
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Institution: | (1) Inserm U682, Strasbourg, France;(2) Faculté de Médecine, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France;(3) Present address: Centre Médical Universitaire, Univ. Genève, Geneva, Switzerland;(4) Inserm U682, Development and Physiopathology of the Intestine and Pancreas, 3, Avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France |
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Abstract: | The intestinal epithelium is a particularly interesting tissue as (1) it is in a constant cell renewal from a stem cell pool
located in the crypts which form, with the underlying fibroblasts, a stem cell niche and (2) the pluripotent stem cells give
rise to four main cell types: enterocytes, mucus, endocrine, and Paneth cells. The mechanisms leading to the determination
of phenotype commitment and cell-specific expressions are still poorly understood. Although transgenic mouse models are powerful
tools for elucidating the molecular cascades implicated in these processes, cell culture approaches bring easy and elegant
ways to study cellular behavior, cell interactions, and cell signaling pathways for example. In the present review, we will
describe the major tissue culture technologies that allow differentiation of epithelial cells from undifferentiated embryonic
or crypt cells. We will point to the necessity of the re-creation of a complex microenvironment that allows full differentiation
process to occur. We will also summarize the characteristics and interesting properties of the cell lines established from
human colorectal tumors. |
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Keywords: | cell culture endoderm established cell lines human colonic cancer cells immortalized cells intestine |
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