Winter and spring ecology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anaphes nitens</Emphasis>, a solitary egg-parasitoid of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus</Emphasis> snout-beetle <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gonipterus scutellatus</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Serena Santolamazza-Carbone Montserrat Pestaña Nieto Rosa Pérez Otero Pedro Mansilla Vázquez Adolfo Cordero Rivera |
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Institution: | (1) Sección de Fitopatología, Centro de Investigación e Información Ambiental de Lourizán, Apdo. de Correos 127, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain;(2) Estación Fitopatoloxíca do Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, 36153 Pontevedra, Spain;(3) Universidade de Vigo, EUET Forestal, Grupo de Ecoloxía Evolutiva e da Conservación, Campus Universitario, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain |
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Abstract: | We investigated the effects of temperature, photoperiod, food and host availability, and body size on the overwintering abilities
of the egg parasitoid Anaphes nitens Girault (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) under natural conditions. Seven groups of eighty females received one of four treatments
(n = 20): (i) honey and hosts, (ii) water and hosts, (iii) honey, or (iv) water. Seven groups of forty males received only honey
or water (n = 20). To test if short day-length is the main cue for larval dormancy, the experiment was replicated inside a climate chamber
at 20°C and under a winter photoperiod. A. nitens overwinters because of quiescence or oligopause inside the hosts and increased adult longevity. Mean pre-emergence mortality
was up to 26% indoors and 15.2% outdoors, males being more affected. Development time had a significant and positive effect
on body size. Honey-fed females without hosts had the highest longevity (53 days). Mother’s diet and size affected development
time, body size, longevity, and fecundity of the progeny. The results confirm the good adaptation of the parasitoid to the
environmental conditions of NW Spain and its ability to synchronize its life cycle with the phenology of the host.
Handling editor: Drik Babendreier. |
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Keywords: | Body size Development time Longevity Maternal effects Quiescence |
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