Population fluctuations and their causes in the African Fish Eagle, (Haliaeetus vocifer (Daudin)) at Lake Naivasha,Kenya |
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| Authors: | Harper David M Harper Maureen M Virani Munir A Smart Andrew Brooks Childress R Adatia Rachel Henderson Ian Chege Bernard |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Research Group Environmental Biology, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands;(2) Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 800.84, Utrecht, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Soft water lakes possess a highly characteristic vegetation adapted to limitation of carbon. Based upon hydrology, vegetation and geographic distribution, boreal and Atlantic lake types can be distinguished. Reducing the input of nutrients or liming, or both, the stream or its catchment is generally sufficient to restore typical soft water vegetation of boreal soft water lakes. The vegetation of Atlantic soft water lakes is subject to many anthropogenic degradation processes. Therefore, spontaneous recovery in the near future is not expected and restoration is urgently required. Removal of nutrient-rich, anoxic, organic sediments is a prerequisite for restoration of these lakes. In acidified or acid-sensitive lakes, additional measures against acidification are required. Controlled supply of calcareous, nutrient-poor water is much better than direct liming. The effects of these restoration measures strongly depend on the detrimental effects of processes such as atmospheric deposition, drainage, catchment acidification, eutrophication and reduced colonisation rates. |
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| Keywords: | soft water wetlands acidification eutrophication carbon dioxide alkalinisation restoration |
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