生物技术学和害虫综合防治对热带亚洲小农户的重要意义(英文)

作者是澳大利亚著名昆虫学家，长期在东南亚农村工作，积累了宝贵经验。他在文中提出，害虫综合防治（ＩＰＭ）的含义是综合害虫治理的方法以达到农业上的最大收益和持续发展，同时注意对环境有良好的影响。对小农户应提供确实可行的整套害虫治理方法，并开创他们能自行选择的机会；他们经过田间学校培训后可成为农作物管理专家，并对怎样防治害虫能作出有根据的抉择。与ＩＰＭ有关的生物防治最近的发展包括：对害虫的准确鉴定、经生物工程处理和未处理过的生物杀虫药的应用、对转基因动植物的利用、及情报资料的收集。文章讨论了这些生物技术在东南亚地区水稻和蔬菜综合治理中的应用，以8及巴西大豆害虫和越南稻瘟病的治理，阐明通过农户、技术员和研究人员通力合作所获得的成绩对农业持续的发展起了主要的推动作用。

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND IPM:THE RELEVANCE TO SMALL SCALE FARMERS IN TROPICAL ASIA

This paper deals with the relevance of biotechnology and IPM to small scale farmers in South and Southeast Asia. IPM may be defined as the combination and integration of approaches to pest management, which maximizes real profitability and genuine sustainability for the users and farming system and gives due regard to the environment. Alternative and practical pest management options should be developed for small scale farmers who could become experts in crop management and capable of making informed decisions through training in field schools. The latest development of biotechnology includes diagnostics, biological pesticides (either genetically manipulated or not genetically manipulated), transgenic plants and animals (vertebrates and invertebrates) and informatics. The place of biotechnology in rice IPM and vegetable IPM in South and Southeast Asia is discussed. Examples of soybean caterpillar in Brazil and rice blast in Vietnam illustrate the benefits of a strong working partnership between farmers, trainers and researchers in creating new knowledge which promotes sustainable agriculture.