微生物菌肥对寒地大豆根围土壤细菌群落和产量的影响

通过施用微生物菌肥研究寒地大豆根围土壤细菌多样性和群落组成，缓解因长期施用化肥和农药带来的土壤问题。以大豆合农69为研究对象，设置6个处理：施用大豆专用肥、颗粒肥、复合菌肥、减施15%化肥配施颗粒肥、减施15%化肥配施微生物复合颗粒肥和空白对照，采用高通量测序技术分析大豆荚期根围土壤细菌多样性和群落组成；采用传统统计学方法对株高、荚数、粒数和产量进行统计。门水平放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、Patescibacteria和WPS-2为优势菌门。其中减施15%化肥配施颗粒肥处理的优势菌门为变形菌门，其他几个处理的优势菌门为放线菌门；目、科和属水平Gaiellales/Other、酸杆菌目（Acidobacteriales/Other）、Frankiales/Other、鞘脂单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）、嗜酸栖热菌属（Acidothermus）、芽单胞菌属（Gemmatimonas）、罗河杆菌属（Rhodanobacter）、根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium）、芽单胞菌科（Gemmatimonadaceae/Other）、链霉菌属（Streptomyces）、念珠菌固体杆菌属（Candidatus Solibacter）、黄杆菌科（Xanthobacteraceae/Other）、褚氏杆菌属（Chujaibacter）、AD3/Other、WPS-2/Other、Saccharimonadales/Other、IMCC26256/Other、Ellin6067、Jatrophihabitans、SC-I-84/Other、芽生球菌属（Blastococcus）、苔藓杆菌目（Bryobacter）、Haliangium、Micropepsaceae/Other、锥杆菌属（Conexibacter）和Elsterales/Other共26个优势属；其中褚氏杆菌属是减施15%化肥配施福尔太微生物颗粒剂处理的优势属，酸杆菌目（Acidobacteriales/other）是空白对照优势目，Gaiellales/Other是其他4种处理的优势属。减施化肥配施福尔太微生物颗粒剂可以有效保证大豆产量，比单施化肥产量提高了4.72%。微生物菌肥的不同施肥方式可以有效改善大豆根围土壤微生物群落构成，减施化肥配施微生物菌肥对寒地大豆具有保产增产作用。

Effects of Microbial Fertilizer on Bacterial Community and Yield of Soybean Rhizosphere Soil in Cold Region

Through the application of microbial fertilizer to study the bacterial diversity and community composition of soybean rhizosphere soil in cold regions, it can alleviate the soil problems caused by long-term application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Soybean Henong 69 variety was taken as the research object, 6 treatments were set up: applying soybean special fertilizer, granular fertilizer, compound bacterial fertilizer, reducing 15% chemical fertilizer combined with granular fertilizer, reducing 15% chemical fertilizer combined with microbial compound granular fertilizer and blank control. The bacterial diversity and community composition of soybean rhizosphere soil at pod stage were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology; the plant height, pod number, bean number and yield were counted by traditional statistical methods. The results showed that phylum level of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes, Pathesibacteria and WPS-2 were the dominant phyla; among them, Proteobacteria was the dominant bacteria in which 15% chemical fertilizer was reduced and granular fertilizer was applied, and the other treatments were Actinobacteria. Genus level: Gaiellales/Other, Acidobacteriales/Other,Frankiales/Other, Sphingomonas, Acidothermus, Gemmatimonas, Rhodanobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Gemmatimonaceae/Other, Streptomyces, Candidatus Solibacter, Xanthobacteraceae/Other, Chujaibacter, AD3/Other,WPS-2/Other, Saccharimonadales/Other, IMCC26256/Other, Ellin6067, Jatrophihabitans, SC-I-84/Other, Blastococcus, Bryobacter, Haliangium, Micropespace/Other, Conexibacter and Elsterales/Other were 26 dominant genera, and Unclassified was the dominant genus. Chujaibacter was the dominant genus in which 15% reduced chemical fertilizer combined with granular fertilizer, Acidobacteriales/Other is the dominant genus of blank control, and the other four treatments were Gaiellales/Other. Reducing the application of chemical fertilizer combined with microbial granular bacterial fertilizer can effectively ensure the yield of soybean, which was 4.72% higher than that of single chemical fertilizer. Therefore, microbial fertilizer with different fertilizer applying methods can effectively improve the composition of soil microbial community in soybean rhizosphere. Reducing the application of chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer had the effects of maintaining the yield and increasing the yield of soybean in cold region.