玉米黑粉菌致病的分子机制研究进展

玉米黑粉菌（Ustilago maydis）可在其宿主植物玉米（Zea mays L.）地上部的所有器官诱导肿瘤发生。玉米黑粉菌成功定殖宿主并诱导形成肿瘤取决于与宿主植物多方位、多层次的相互作用以及该过程中发生的复杂的细胞和分子事件。本文综述了玉米黑粉菌与玉米互作研究的最新进展，介绍了玉米黑粉菌通过分泌效应子入侵、定殖玉米植株以及植株在分子水平上对入侵的响应；阐述了活体营养建立过程中，玉米黑粉菌与玉米通过效应子、激素、糖代谢酶和转运蛋白的差异调节，协调受感染宿主组织重新编程发育成膨大的植物肿瘤的关键因素，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。

Molecular mechanism of Ustilago maydis pathogenicity

Ustilago maydis can induce tumor development on all aerial organs of Zea mays L. The successful colonization of maize and tumor formation by U. maydis depends on multi-directional and multi-level interactions with the host plant and complex cell and molecular events to ensure compatibility. This review covers recent advances in the field of pathogen-host warfare, focusing on how U. maydis effectors facilitate pathogen entry into the host interior, suppress plant immune perception, and alter host physiology for pathogen benefit, as well as on the molecular processes of maize for sensing and responding to pathogen attack. In addition, key insights into the establishment of U. maydis and its host-plant interactions are described, whereby U. maydis may cause the formation of plant tumors by reprogramming plant metabolism of infected tissues and by differential expression of genes encoding effectors, hormones, sugar metabolizing enzymes, and transporters of both host and pathogen origin. Moreover, further research fields are suggested in this paper.