Apical to basolateral transcytosis and apical recycling of immunoglobulin G in trophoblast-derived BeWo cells: effects of low temperature, nocodazole, and cytochalasin D

The murine neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, carries out two functions: materno-fetal IgG delivery and maintenance of serum IgG homeostasis. During human pregnancy maternal IgG is transferred across placental syncytiotrophoblasts presumably by the human homolog of FcRn, hFcRn. Trophoblast-derived BeWo cells express hFcRn endogenously and can be considered as a model system to investigate IgG transport in syncytiotrophoblasts. Using a pulse-chase protocol, we here demonstrate that polarized BeWo cells exhibit not only apical to basolateral transcytosis but also apical IgG recycling. Thus, for the first time we demonstrate that epithelial cells can be involved in both materno-fetal IgG transmission and regulation of serum IgG levels. Lowering the temperature from 37 to 16 degrees C reduced, but did not block, IgG recycling and transcytosis. Microtubule-disruption by nocodazole did not influence transcytosis or apical recycling. Disassembly of filamentous actin by cytochalasin D stimulated apical endocytosis and recycling, while transcytosis remained unaffected. In summary, in BeWo cells apically internalized IgG enters both a transcytotic and recycling pathway. While the transcytotic route is temperature-sensitive but independent from microtubules and actin filaments, the apical recycling pathway is temperature-influenced and stimulated by actin disassembly, suggestive for the involvement of distinct endosome subcompartments in transcytosis and recycling.