Evolution of the Metazoan Protein Phosphatase 2C Superfamily |
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Authors: | Adi Stern Eyal Privman Michal Rasis Sara Lavi Tal Pupko |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel |
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Abstract: | Members of the protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) superfamily are Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent serine/threonine phosphatases, which are essential for regulation of cell cycle and stress signaling pathways in
cells. In this study, a comprehensive genomic analysis of all available metazoan PP2C sequences was conducted. The phylogeny
of PP2C was reconstructed, revealing the existence of 15 vertebrate families which arose following a series of gene duplication
events. Relative dating of these duplications showed that they occurred in two active periods: before the divergence of bilaterians
and before vertebrate diversification. PP2C families which duplicated during the first period take part in different signaling
pathways, whereas PP2C families which diverged in the second period display tissue expression differences yet participate
in similar signaling pathways. These differences were found to involve variation of expression in tissues which show higher
complexity in vertebrates, such as skeletal muscle and the nervous system. Further analysis was performed with the aim of
identifying the functional domains of PP2C. The conservation pattern across the entire PP2C superfamily revealed an extensive
domain of more than 50 amino acids which is highly conserved throughout all PP2C members. Several insertion or deletion events
were found which may have led to the specialization of each PP2C family.
Electronic Supplementary Material Electronic Supplementary material is available for this article at
and accessible for authorised users.
Reviewing Editor: Dr. Hector Musto] |
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Keywords: | Protein phosphatase 2C Gene duplication Phylogeny |
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