Assessment of Real-time PCR Based Methods for Quantification of Pollen-mediated Gene Flow from GM to Conventional Maize in a Field Study |
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Authors: | Maria Pla José-Luis La Paz Gisela Peñas Nora García Montserrat Palaudelmàs Teresa Esteve Joaquima Messeguer Enric Melé |
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Institution: | (1) Institut de Tecnologia Agroalimentària (INTEA), Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Escola Politècnica Superior (edif.1), 17071 Girona, Spain;(2) Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB), Consorci CSIC-IRTA (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;(3) Departament de Genètica Vegetal, Consorci CSIC-IRTA, Carretera de Cabrils s/n, 08348 Barcelona, Spain |
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Abstract: | Maize is one of the main crops worldwide and an increasing number of genetically modified (GM) maize varieties are cultivated
and commercialized in many countries in parallel to conventional crops. Given the labeling rules established e.g. in the European
Union and the necessary coexistence between GM and non-GM crops, it is important to determine the extent of pollen dissemination
from transgenic maize to other cultivars under field conditions. The most widely used methods for quantitative detection of
GMO are based on real-time PCR, which implies the results are expressed in genome percentages (in contrast to seed or grain
percentages). Our objective was to assess the accuracy of real-time PCR based assays to accurately quantify the contents of
transgenic grains in non-GM fields in comparison with the real cross-fertilization rate as determined by phenotypical analysis.
We performed this study in a region where both GM and conventional maize are normally cultivated and used the predominant
transgenic maize Mon810 in combination with a conventional maize variety which displays the characteristic of white grains
(therefore allowing cross-pollination quantification as percentage of yellow grains). Our results indicated an excellent correlation
between real-time PCR results and number of cross-fertilized grains at Mon810 levels of 0.1–10%. In contrast, Mon810 percentage
estimated by weight of grains produced less accurate results. Finally, we present and discuss the pattern of pollen-mediated
gene flow from GM to conventional maize in an example case under field conditions. |
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Keywords: | coexistence cross-pollination field study genetically modified organism GMO maize Mon810 real-time PCR |
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