Pyrococcus horikoshii sp. nov., a hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a hydrothermal vent at the Okinawa Trough |
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Authors: | Juan M González Yaeko Masuchi F T Robb James W Ammerman Dennis L Maeder Miki Yanagibayashi J Tamaoka Chiaki Kato |
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Institution: | (1) Center of Marine Biotechnology, Columbus Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA Tel. +81-410-234-8870; Fax +81-410-234-8896 e-mail: robb@umbi.umd.edu, TP;(2) Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA, US;(3) The Deepstar Group, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237, Japan, JP |
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Abstract: | A hyperthermophilic, anaerobic archaeon was isolated from hydrothermal fluid samples obtained at the Okinawa Trough vents
in the NE Pacific Ocean, at a depth of 1395 m. The strain is obligately heterotrophic, and utilizes complex proteinaceous
media (peptone, tryptone, or yeast extract), or a 21-amino-acid mixture supplemented with vitamins, as growth substrates.
Sulfur greatly enhances growth. The cells are irregular cocci with a tuft of flagella, growing optimally at 98°C (maximum
growth temperature 102°C), but capable of prolonged survival at 105°C. Optimum growth was at pH 7 (range 5–8) and NaCl concentration
2.4% (range 1%–5%). Tryptophan was required for growth, in contrast to the closely related strains Pyrococcus furiosus and P. abyssi. Thin sections of the cell, viewed by transmission electron microscopy, revealed a periplasmic space similar in appearance
to the envelope of P. furiosus. The predominant cell membrane component was tetraether lipid, with minor amounts of diether lipids. Treatment of the cells
by mild osmotic shock released an extract that contained a Zn2+-dependent alkaline phosphatase. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences encoding 16S rRNA and glutamate dehydrogenase places
the isolate with certainty within the genus Pyrococcus although there is relatively low DNA–DNA hybridization (<63%) with described species of this genus. Based on the reported
results, we propose a new species, to be named Pyrococcus horikoshii sp. nov.
Received: December 10, 1997 / Accepted: February 4, 1998 |
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Keywords: | Archaea Archaebacteria Periplasmic Hyperthermophile Thermococcales Okinawa |
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