Sex shapes experimental ischemic brain injury |
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Authors: | Jian Cheng |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, UHS-2 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239-3098, United States b Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Portland, OR 97239, United States c Department of Neurology Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States |
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Abstract: | Biologic sex and sex steroids are important factors in clinical and experimental stroke. This review evaluates key evidence that biological sex strongly alters mechanisms and outcomes from cerebral ischemia. The role of androgens in male stroke is understudied and important to pursue given that male sex is a well known risk factor for human stroke. To date, male sex steroids remain largely evaluated at the bench rather than the bedside. We review recent advances in our understanding of androgens in the context of ischemic cell death and neuroprotection. We also highlight some possible molecular mechanisms by which androgens impact ischemic outcomes. |
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Keywords: | Sex Sexual dimorphism Cerebral ischemia Androgens Stroke |
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