化学趋化因子受体在HIV感染中的作用及其在AIDS治疗中的应用价值

化学趋化因子受体作为协同受体，为人免疫缺陷病毒（ＨＩＶ－１）进入细胞所必需。其中ＣＸＣＲ４被亲Ｔ细胞的病毒株利用，而ＣＣＲ５被亲巨噬细胞的病毒株利用，它们是大多数病毒株利用的协同受体。协同受体和ＣＤ４一起形成复合受体，ｇｐ１２０与之结合后发生构象改变，使ｇｐ４１暴露出来，引起膜的融合。ＨＩＶ协同受体发现为治疗艾滋病开辟了新的途径。利用趋化因子拮抗剂、单克隆抗体和天然配体封闭趋化因子受体可阻止ＨＩＶ

The role of chemokine receptors in HIV infection and the potential therapeutic values of co-receptors against AIDs

Chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 have recently been defined to serve as major coreceptors for HIV-1. T-cell-tropic strains of HIV-1 use CD4 plus CXCR4, while macrophage- tropic strains use CD4 and CCR5. Co-receptors can bind HIV-1 Env directly and in conjunction with CD4, trigger the conformation changes of Env and then facilitate the exposition of the Env subunit gp41, which initiate the fusion event. The finding of HIV co-receptors provides new strate- gies to inhibit HIV spread. Potential concerns include administration of chemokine antagonists, monoclonal antibodies, and natural ligands to block chemokine receptors; suicide vectors targeting HIV-infected cells, ex vivo manipulation of CCR5 alleles expression to resist to HIV infection and gene manipulation to prevent chemockine receptor expression.