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Two structures of an N-hydroxylating flavoprotein monooxygenase: ornithine hydroxylase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors:Olucha Jose  Meneely Kathleen M  Chilton Annemarie S  Lamb Audrey L
Institution:Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
Abstract:The ornithine hydroxylase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PvdA) catalyzes the FAD-dependent hydroxylation of the side chain amine of ornithine, which is subsequently formylated to generate the iron-chelating hydroxamates of the siderophore pyoverdin. PvdA belongs to the class B flavoprotein monooxygenases, which catalyze the oxidation of substrates using NADPH as the electron donor and molecular oxygen. Class B enzymes include the well studied flavin-containing monooxygenases and Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases. The first two structures of a class B N-hydroxylating monooxygenase were determined with FAD in oxidized (1.9 ? resolution) and reduced (3.03 ? resolution) states. PvdA has the two expected Rossmann-like dinucleotide-binding domains for FAD and NADPH and also a substrate-binding domain, with the active site at the interface between the three domains. The structures have NADP(H) and (hydroxy)ornithine bound in a solvent-exposed active site, providing structural evidence for substrate and co-substrate specificity and the inability of PvdA to bind FAD tightly. Structural and biochemical evidence indicates that NADP+ remains bound throughout the oxidative half-reaction, which is proposed to shelter the flavin intermediates from solvent and thereby prevent uncoupling of NADPH oxidation from hydroxylated product formation.
Keywords:Enzyme Mechanisms  Enzyme Structure  Flavoproteins  Hydroxylase  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  Siderophores  PvdA  Monooxygenase  Ornithine  Pyoverdin
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