Activity and cellular functions of the deubiquitinating enzyme and polyglutamine disease protein ataxin-3 are regulated by ubiquitination at lysine 117 |
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Authors: | Todi Sokol V Scaglione K Matthew Blount Jessica R Basrur Venkatesha Conlon Kevin P Pastore Annalisa Elenitoba-Johnson Kojo Paulson Henry L |
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Affiliation: | Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. sokolt@umich.edu |
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Abstract: | Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUbs) play important roles in many ubiquitin-dependent pathways, yet how DUbs themselves are regulated is not well understood. Here, we provide insight into the mechanism by which ubiquitination directly enhances the activity of ataxin-3, a DUb implicated in protein quality control and the disease protein in the polyglutamine neurodegenerative disorder, Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. We identify Lys-117, which resides near the catalytic triad, as the primary site of ubiquitination in wild type and pathogenic ataxin-3. Further studies indicate that ubiquitin-dependent activation of ataxin-3 at Lys-117 is important for its ability to reduce high molecular weight ubiquitinated species in cells. Ubiquitination at Lys-117 also facilitates the ability of ataxin-3 to induce aggresome formation in cells. Finally, structure-function studies support a model of activation whereby ubiquitination at Lys-117 enhances ataxin-3 activity independent of the known ubiquitin-binding sites in ataxin-3, most likely through a direct conformational change in or near the catalytic domain. |
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Keywords: | Deubiquitination Enzymes Neurodegeneration Polyglutamine Disease Ubiquitin Ubiquitination Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 Ataxin-3 |
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