大豆耐低磷相关基因的定位与克隆

大豆是食用油和植物蛋白的主要来源,土壤有效磷含量低是限制当前大豆生产的重要因素之一。鉴定优异耐低磷种质资源、快速发掘利用优异耐低磷基因、通过分子育种培育磷高效品种、改善大豆应对低磷胁迫的能力,是解决土壤有效磷含量低这一问题的有效途径。近年来,国内外开展了一些大豆磷效率相关基因的定位与克隆研究,但由于QTL连锁作图的精度较低,难以准确地分离候选基因,而大豆基因组的复杂性及相关功能基因分子机制的不明确阻碍了人们对大豆耐低磷特性本质的认识。文章综述了大豆耐低磷相关基因的定位、克隆及功能验证等方面的研究进展,分析了大豆耐低磷相关基因研究中存在的问题,以期为快速有效地分离目的基因、验证基因功能、解析大豆磷高效分子机制提供参考。

Mapping and cloning of low phosphorus tolerance genes in soybeans

Soybean is a major source of edible oil and phytoprotein. Low phosphorus available in soil is an important factor limiting the current soybean production. Effective ways to solve the problem include identification of germplasms and genes tolerant to low-phosphorus stress, and cultivation of soybean varieties with high phosphorus efficiency. Recently many researches have been carrying out investigations to map and clone genes related to phosphorus efficiency in soybeans. However, due to the complexity of the soybean genome and little knowledge of functional genes, it has been difficult to understand the mechanism of soybean tolerance to low phosphorus. Although quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping related to low phosphorus tolerance has made some progress, it remains elusive to obtain accurate candidate genes for molecular breeding applications, due to the limited accuracy of QTL. Even for the cloned soybean low phosphorus tolerance genes, the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown, further limiting the application to breeding. In this review, we summarize the progresses on mapping, cloning and functional characterization of soybean low phosphorus tolerance genes.