院前急救服务地理可及性指标计算与可视化表达研究

?????? 目的 探索院前急救服务地理可及性指标的计算方法及可视化表达的技术。方法 通过分析院前急救服务的特点及影响院前急救服务地理可及性的因素,确定反映院前急救服务地理可及性的指标;应用地理信息系统,确定指标计算与可视化表达的技术,并应用某市数据进行模拟实验,检验方法的可行性与可视化表达的效果。结果 急救中心与急救医院的地理布局、急救中心车辆的配置是影响院前急救服务地理可及性的两大重要因素,分别通过到达急救中心与急救医院的距离、每万人拥有的急救车辆数来评价,两个指标经标化相乘来综合反映居民获得院前急救服务的方便程度;以ArcGIS10.0软件为平台进行指标的具体计算与可视化表达。结论 地图可视化表达院前急救服务地理可及性直观展示了急救资源的地理布局及地理可及性的区域差异。

Evaluation and Visualization of Spatial Accessibility on Pre-hospital Emergency Services

??? Objective To explore a method to evaluate and visualize the spatial accessibility of pre-hospital emergency services. Methods Through analyzing the characteristics and influence factors relating to the geographic aspect of pre-hospital emergency services, the spatial accessibility index for pre-hospital emergency services was explored. Geographic information system was used to calculate the index. Data from a city was used to test the feasibility and effect of the method. Results The spatial distribution of first-aid centers and hospitals and the ambulances possessed by the first-aid center were two main factors which influence the spatial accessibility of pre-hospital emergency services. The two factors were evaluated by the distance from the nearest first-aid center and hospital, and the number of ambulances per ten thousand population, respectively. The two indexes were combined to evaluate the comprehensive spatial accessibility of pre-hospital emergency services. Software ArcGIS 10.0 was used to calculate the index and the key points of the calculation process were displayed. Conclusion The map produced reveals the geographical distribution of pre-hospital emergency services resources and its spatial accessibility, which helps to pinpoint those areas where resources are inadequate.