Population dynamics of the Fusarium head blight biocontrol agent Cryptococcus flavescens OH 182.9 on wheat anthers and heads |
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| Institution: | 1. National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR), United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Peoria, IL 61604, USA;2. Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, OH 43210, USA;3. Application Technology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;1. Agroinnova, Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental Sector, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (To), Italy;2. DISAFA, Dept. Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (To), Italy;1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran;2. Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran;1. Fundação Agrária de Pesquisa Agropecuária – FAPA, Vitória, Entre Rios, Guarapuava, Paraná, 85139-400, Brazil;2. Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Agronomia, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil;3. Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Padua Dias 11, São Dimas, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Cryptococcus flavescens OH 182.9 (NRRL Y-30216) reduces Fusarium head blight (FHB) incited by Fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination of grain. Yet little is known about the population dynamics of OH 182.9 on wheat heads and anthers. Biomass of OH 182.9 was produced in liquid culture and applied to greenhouse and field grown wheat prior to and during early anthesis. In greenhouse studies, populations of OH 182.9 were similar on anthers for heads inoculated before (Feekes 10.5) or early in flowering (Feekes 10.5.1) but were 1–3 log units lower in Feekes 10.5 inoculated wheat after 8–10 days. In greenhouse and field studies, OH 182.9 colonized anthers inside florets prior to anthesis. In the field, populations of OH 182.9 on anthers increased or, less frequently, remained stable through 12 days, regardless of application time and peaked at 1–2 log units higher than in the greenhouse. Strain OH 182.9 reduced FHB severity (P < 0.05, FPLSD) but not other disease parameters in the same field study. Application of OH 182.9 at split boot (Feekes 10.1) or Feekes 10.5.1 resulted in higher populations on spikelets treated at flowering on a CFU/g fresh weight tissue basis and as a percentage of the total recoverable microbial population in one of two field studies. Scanning electron microscopy revealed cells of OH 182.9 in microcolonies, groups of several cells and as individual cells, most frequently on the abaxial surfaces of glume and lemma tissues and near the apex of palea tissues. The survival of yeast OH 182.9 on anthers and wheat heads for 12 days and more suggests the strain has the potential to reduce late kernel infections by F. graminearum that can increase DON. |
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| Keywords: | Colonization Spikelet Floret Anther Fusarium head blight Biocontrol |
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