Community analysis and metabolic pathway of halophilic bacteria for phenol degradation in saline environment |
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| Institution: | 1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, State Key Laboratory of Biological Reactor Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China;2. School of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, PR China;3. School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China;1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;2. Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Shanghai Haini Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 3999 Hunan Road, Shanghai 201318, China;1. Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;2. c-LEcta GmbH, Perlickstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;3. Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan;4. Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan;1. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;2. School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China;3. Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;1. College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China;2. Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;3. Environmental Science Research and Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, China;1. Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China;2. Tianjin Modern Vocational Technology College, Tianjin 300350, China;3. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA |
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| Abstract: | A moderately halophilic bacterial enrichment was able to degrade 120 mg/L of phenol in the presence of 1–2 M of NaCl within 3 d or 2.5–3 M of NaCl within 6 d. The optimal degradation was achieved at 1.5 M of NaCl and 350 mg/L of phenol. PCR-DGGE profile of the enrichment showed that the Acidobacterium sp. and Chloroflexus sp. dominated the community. The phenol-biodegradation pathways consisted of an initial oxidative attack by phenol hydroxylase, and subsequent ring fission by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy profiles showed that ectoine and hydroxyectoine were the main compatible solutes to adjust the bacterial osmotic pressure. This study provides further information on the understanding of phenol-degradation over a wide range of salinity and remediation of phenol as a pollutant in the environment. |
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| Keywords: | Phenol Biodegradation Moderately halophilics Metabolic pathway Compatible solutes |
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