Screening Trichoderma species for biological control activity against Phytophthora ramorum in soil |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;2. Mushroom Research Group, Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme, Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland;1. Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Antigua Escuela Normal Rural de Salaices, López, Chihuahua 31491, Mexico;2. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. Hermosillo. Carretera a la Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora C.P. 83304 Apdo, Postal: 1735, Mexico;3. Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Campus Cuauhtémoc, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico;4. The Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Sostainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Via Universita 133, Portici 80055, Italy;5. Dipartimento Ar.Bo.Pa.Ve.-sez, Patologia Vegetale, University of Napoli “Federico II”, via Universita‘ 100, Portici 80055, Italy;1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang 830011, China;2. College of Life Science and Agronomy, ZhouKou Normal University, ZhouKou 466001, China;3. Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Science and Agronomy, ZhouKou Normal University, ZhouKou 466001, China;4. School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;1. Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain;2. Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;1. Lecturer, AKRG College of Pharmacy, Nallajarla, West Godavari Dt., AP, India;2. Principal Scientist, Biochemistry, CTRI, Rajahmundry, India;3. Senior Scientist, Computer Applications, CTRI, Rajahmundry, India |
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| Abstract: | Despite efforts of eradication and sanitation, Phytophthora ramorum persists in the United States and abroad. Fungicides have limited effectiveness, but there are concerns that they may only inhibit pathogen growth and hasten resistance development after repeated fungicide applications. Biological control is an active control measure that can work continuously as long as the agent is alive and active. The goal of this study was to examine whether Trichoderma spp. have the potential as a biological control agent against P. ramorum. Sixteen Trichoderma spp. isolates were screened for mycoparasitism of P. ramorum in a dual culture assay. The different Trichoderma spp. isolates demonstrated variable mycoparasitic activities with some isolates showing no activity while others completely eliminated the pathogen after 4 weeks. Seven isolates of T. asperellum were consistent among replicated trials in eliminating recovery of P. ramorum from the exposed agar plugs and preventing leaf disk necrosis. Further testing of six T. asperellum isolates against two different P. ramorum isolates (A1 and A2 mating types) resulted in the same high level of mycoparasitic activity. Soil assays involving P. ramorum-infested potting mix and selected Trichoderma spp. isolates demonstrated that two isolates (04-22 and 02-64) were consistent among the repetitions to eliminate P. ramorum propagules to non-detectable levels. Based on these results, specific T. asperellum isolates have the potential to remediate P. ramorum-infested soil and have the potential to be developed into a commercially-viable product. |
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| Keywords: | Biological control Mycoparasite Soil remediation |
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