Biological control of Botrytis bunch rot in Atlantic climate vineyards with Candida sake CPA-1 and its survival under limiting conditions of temperature and humidity |
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| Institution: | 1. Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain;2. IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Scientific and Technologic Parc of Gardeny, FRUITCENTRE building, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain;3. INRA, UMR1065 Santé & Agroécologie du VignoblE, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d''Ornon cédèx, France;1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand;2. Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand;3. Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand;1. Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico;2. Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, United States;1. Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico;2. Texas A&M University, Department of Horticultural Sciences, College Station, TX 77843-2133, United States;1. School of Biological Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia;2. Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Agriculture & Environment, University of Sydney, Australia;3. Forestry Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;4. School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia;1. Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Anatomia, Caixa Postal 68041, CEP 04045-972 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Caixa Postal 510, CEP 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil;1. School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;2. U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA |
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| Abstract: | Candida sake CPA-1 is an antagonistic yeast that has previously been shown to effectively control Botrytis bunch rot in grapes. The efficacy of biological control agents is dependent on their survival, which may also depend on climatic conditions. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of abiotic factors affecting the survival of biological control agents, such as temperature (T) or relative humidity (RH). In this study, efficacy of C. sake (5 × 107 CFU mL?1), which was applied with the additive Fungicover (FC; 50 g L?1), was tested against BBR in the laboratory and in field trials under the Atlantic climate conditions of the Bordeaux region (France). The study also evaluated the survival of C. sake under T and RH regimes simulated in climatic chambers. Two or five applications of C. sake plus FC during the growing season significantly reduced BBR severity at harvest by 48% and 82%, respectively, when compared to the control. Similar reductions were achieved after inoculation with selected virulent Botrytis cinerea strains (75% compared to control) in laboratory experiments. C. sake populations showed minimal decreases between field applications and were favored by simulated Atlantic climate conditions. The survival pattern of C. sake exposed to 40 and 45 °C combined with 30% and 100% of RH was described, demonstrating a sharp decrease during the first 24 h. Allowing 48 h for C. sake to incubate and become established on fruits prior to the exposure to 40 °C and 30% RH increased survival (P < 0.05). These results confirm the efficacy of treatment with C. sake plus FC under favorable climatic conditions for BBR development, while survival studies may help to improve the survival and efficacy of yeast BCAs, such as C. sake CPA-1. |
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| Keywords: | Abiotic factors Extreme conditions Fatty acids Fungal disease Grapevine |
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