Viral biocontrol of invasive vertebrates: Lessons from the past applied to cyprinid herpesvirus-3 and carp (Cyprinus carpio) control in Australia |
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| Affiliation: | 1. CSIRO-Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;2. Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia;1. School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;2. DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;1. Biometris, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Farming Systems Ecology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands;3. Crop Systems Analysis Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands;4. Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China;5. Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China;1. AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;2. Fairfield College, 25 Bankwood Rd, Chartwell, Hamilton 3210, New Zealand;1. CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;2. Fish Health Research Laboratory, Centre for Aquaculture Research and Development, Jakarta 12540, Indonesia;3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;4. Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute and University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia;5. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia |
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| Abstract: | This paper reviews successful and, briefly, unsuccessful viral biocontrol programs for invasive vertebrate pests to provide lessons for future programs, especially the potential use of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 to control carp in Australia. There have only been three major programs where viral pathogens have been used successfully against invasive vertebrate pests. Myxoma and rabbit hemorrhagic disease viruses were used to control rabbits in Australia, and feline panleukopenia virus helped eliminate cats from sub-Antarctic Marion Island. These programs have shown us that successful viral biocontrol programs for invasive species must include: a thorough understanding of the biology of the target species, and of the viral epidemiology; an integrated pest management program involving both the virus and other control methods; and, a post-release assessment of the ecological benefits of the program. The most important practical lessons identified in this review are: the greatest impact of viruses as biocontrol agents is in the first years following release; unsuspected cross-reactive viruses may confer protection on the target species; and, there may be age- or temperature-related resistance to the virus in the target species. |
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| Keywords: | Biological control Vertebrate pests Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 Feline panleukopenia Myxomatosis Rabbit hemorrhagic disease |
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