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The phylogeny of Ephemeroptera in Pterygota revealed by the mitochondrial genome of Siphluriscus chinensis (Hexapoda: Insecta)
Authors:Dan Li  Jia-Chang Qin  Chang-Fa Zhou
Institution:1. The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;2. College of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
Abstract:The mayfly species Siphluriscus chinensis (Siphluriscidae) has valuable structures useful for phylogeny reconstruction, given its putative basal position within the Ephemeroptera. Here its nearly complete mitochondrial genome is sequenced. We built phylogenetic trees through multiple analytical strategies with some other insect mitogenomes. Structurally, the obtained mitochondrial genome of S. chinensis is 16,616 bp in length, 1 containing 37 genes and an extra trnK-like (trnK2 (AAA)) gene. The 12 PCGs start with typical ATN codons, except the nad1 gene which starts with an unnormalized TTG. Like other known mayfly mitogenomes, the strand bias has negative AT-skew and negative GC-skew. Phylogenetically, our topologies suggest that Odonata is the basally diverged clade in Pterygota; Ephemeroptera is the sister group of the Neoptera; and S. chinensis is indeed the most basal mayfly branch.
Keywords:atp6 and atp8  genes for ATP synthase subunits 6 and 8  bp  base pair  cob  gene for cytochrome b  cox1  cox2 and cox3  genes for cytochrome c oxidase subunits 1  2 and 3  CR1  control region part 1  CR2  control region part 2  DNA  deoxyribonucleic acid  kb  kilobase pair  min  minute  Mt  mitochondrial  nad1  nad2  nad3  nad4  nad4L  nad5 and nad6  mitochondrial genes for NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1&ndash  6 and 4L  PCR  polymerase chain reaction  RNA  ribonucleic acid  rRNA  ribosomal RNA  rrnS and rrnL  genes for small and large subunits of ribosomal RNA  s  second  trnA  tRNA gene for alanine  tRNA  transfer RNA  trnC  tRNA gene for cysteine  trnD  tRNA gene for aspartic acid  trnE  tRNA gene for glutamic acid  trnF  tRNA gene for phenylalanine  trnG  tRNA gene for glycine  trnH  tRNA gene for histidine  trnI  tRNA gene for isoleucine  trnK1  tRNA gene for lysine (codon AAR)  trnK2  tRNA gene for lysine (codon AAA)  trnL1  tRNA gene for leucine (codon CUN)  trnL2  tRNA gene for leucine (codon UUR)  trnM  tRNA gene for methionine  trnN  tRNA gene for asparagine  trnP  tRNA gene for proline  trnQ  tRNA gene for glutamine  trnR  tRNA gene for arginine  trnS1  tRNA gene for serine (codon AGN)  trnS2  tRNA gene for serine (codon UCN)  trnT  tRNA gene for threonine  trnV  tRNA gene for valine  trnW  tRNA gene for tryptophan  trnY  tRNA gene for tyrosine
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