The long N-terminus of the C. elegans DNA repair enzyme APN-1 targets the protein to the nucleus of a heterologous system |
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Authors: | Zhiqiang Wang Xiaoming YangAbdelghani Mazouzi Dindial Ramotar |
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Affiliation: | Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Research Center, Université de Montréal, 5415 Boul. de l'' Assomption, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada |
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Abstract: | We previously isolated from a Caenorhabditis elegans cDNA library, designed for two-hybrid screening, a gene encoding the DNA repair enzyme APN-1 using cross-specie complementation analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae apn1? apn2? tpp1? triple mutant deficient in the ability to repair several types of DNA lesions including apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. We subsequently purified the APN-1 from this yeast mutant and demonstrated that it possesses four distinct DNA repair activities. However, following the re-annotation of the C. elegans genome we discovered that the functionally active APN-1 encoded by the cDNA from the library might lack 108 amino acid residues from the N-terminus. We therefore synthesized the entire C. elegans apn-1 gene encoding the putative full-length APN-1 and created several N-terminal deletion mutants lacking either 63, 83 or 118 amino acid residues. The full-length APN-1, APN-1 (1–63Δ) and APN-1 (1–83Δ), but not APN-1 (1–118Δ) were stably expressed in the yeast triple mutant and cleaved the AP site substrate. However, only the full-length APN-1 rescued the yeast mutant from the genotoxicity caused by methyl methane sulfonate, a DNA damaging agent that creates AP sites in the genome. The full-length APN-1 was localized to the yeast nucleus, while APN-1 (1–63Δ) and APN-1 (1–83Δ) retained a cytoplasmic distribution. Our data suggest that the N-terminal region has no direct role in the DNA repair functions of APN-1 other than to target the protein to the nucleus and possibly to maintain its stability. Thus, the truncated APN-1, previously isolated from the two-hybrid library, ability to complement the yeast triple mutant depends on the engineered SV40 nuclear localization signal. |
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Keywords: | AP sites, apurinic/apyrimidinic sites Endo IV, endonuclease IV MMS, methyl methane sulfonate NLS, nuclear localization signal PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis PCR, polymerase chain reaction SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate |
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