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A comparative genomic analysis of the alkalitolerant soil bacterium Bacillus lehensis G1
Authors:Yusuf Muhammad Noor  Nurul Hidayah Samsulrizal  Noor Azah Jema'on  Kheng Oon Low  Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli  Noor Izawati Alias  Siti Intan Rosdianah Damis  Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohd Fuzi  Mohd Noor Mat Isa  Abdul Munir Abdul Murad  Mohd Firdaus Mohd Raih  Farah Diba Abu Bakar  Nazalan Najimudin  Nor Muhammad Mahadi  Rosli Md Illias
Institution:1. Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia;2. School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;3. Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;4. School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
Abstract:Bacillus lehensis G1 is a Gram-positive, moderately alkalitolerant bacterium isolated from soil samples. B. lehensis produces cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase), an enzyme that has enabled the extensive use of cyclodextrin in foodstuffs, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The genome sequence of B. lehensis G1 consists of a single circular 3.99 Mb chromosome containing 4017 protein-coding sequences (CDSs), of which 2818 (70.15%) have assigned biological roles, 936 (23.30%) have conserved domains with unknown functions, and 263 (6.55%) have no match with any protein database. Bacillus clausii KSM-K16 was established as the closest relative to B. lehensis G1 based on gene content similarity and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. A total of 2820 proteins from B. lehensis G1 were found to have orthologues in B. clausii, including sodium–proton antiporters, transport proteins, and proteins involved in ATP synthesis. A comparative analysis of these proteins and those in B. clausii and other alkaliphilic Bacillus species was carried out to investigate their contributions towards the alkalitolerance of the microorganism. The similarities and differences in alkalitolerance-related genes among alkalitolerant/alkaliphilic Bacillus species highlight the complex mechanism of pH homeostasis. The B. lehensis G1 genome was also mined for proteins and enzymes with potential viability for industrial and commercial purposes.
Keywords:CDs  protein-coding sequences  SDS  sodium dodecyl sulphate  GO  Gene Ontology  ISs  insertion sequences  MQ  menaquinone  CPA  cation/proton antiporter  CDF  cation diffusion facilitator  CDs  cyclodextrins  SCL  subcellular localisation  SP  signal peptide
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