Mitotic stability of small supernumerary marker chromosomes depends on their shape and telomeres — A long term in vitro study |
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Authors: | Shaymaa Subhi Hussein Katharina Kreskowski Monika Ziegler Elisabeth Klein Ahmed B Hamid Nadezda Kosyakova Marianne Volleth Thomas Liehr Xiaobo Fan Katja Piaszinski |
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Institution: | 1. Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany;2. Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany |
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Abstract: | Mosaicism is present in more than 50% of the cases with small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) and karyotype 47,XX,+mar/46,XX or 47,XY,+mar/46,XY. Recently we provided first evidence that the mitotic stability of sSMC is dependent on their structure, i.e. their shape. Thus, here we performed a long term in vitro study on 12 selected cell lines from the Else Kröner–Fresenius-sSMC-cellbank (http://ssmc-tl.com/ekf-cellbank.html) to test mitotic sSMC stability systematically. The obtained results showed that inverted duplicated shaped and also the so-called complex sSMCs (group 1) are by far more stable, than centric-minute- or ring-shaped sSMCs (groups 2). Generally speaking, the percentage of cells with group-1-sSMCs remained stable over 90 days of cell culture, while that of group-2-sSMCs in parts dramatically decreased. In one group-2-cell line the sSMC was even lost completely after 30 days of in vitro culture, in others the sSMC was depleted in up to 40% of the cells. Still the highest rate of sSMC loss was recorded during EBV-transformation. Overall, the major difference between groups 1 and 2 was the number of telomeres per sSMC. In group 1 the sSMCs had “original” telomeres at both of their ends; in group 2 the sSMCs had either no, possibly secondary acquired and/or only one original telomere. This absence of protective telomeric sequences in group 2 seems to make sSMC more susceptible for loss during cell division. Still, also a growth advantage of cells without sSMC cannot be neglected entirely. |
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Keywords: | EBV Epstein Barr virus EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetate FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization sSMCs small supernumerary marker chromosomes |
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