Interleukin 12 and CD86 Regulate Th1 and Th2 Development Induced by a Range of Antigen Doses Presented by Peyer's Patch and Spleen Cells

In this study, we demonstrate the role of interleukin 12 (IL-12), CD80 and CD86 in T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 differentiation induced through antigen presentation by Peyer's patch (PP) and spleen (SPL) cells with various doses of antigen. IL-12 was found to be critical for the induction of Th1-type cytokine producing cells, while antigen-dose dependent patterns of differentiation into Th2-type cytokine producing cells were not altered by the blockade of IL-12. Further, the difference in the pattern of Th2-type cytokine producing cell differentiation induced by PP and SPL cells depending on the antigen dosage were preserved in the absence of IL-12. When the function of CD86 was blocked by specific antibody, the induction of Th1-type cytokine producing cells was kept at high levels through every antigen dose, and the difference between PP and SPL cells was abrogated. With regard to Th2 induction, CD86 enhanced the differentiation of Th2-type cytokine producing cells but it was not essential in the case of antigen presentation by SPL cells. These results suggest that antigen-dose dependent changes in Th2 cell induction are regulated by additional factors which cannot induce antigen-dose dependent changes in Th1 cell differentiation by themselves.