Physicochemical properties and development of wheat large and small starch granules during endosperm development |
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Authors: | Cunxu Wei Jun Zhang Yifang Chen Weidong Zhou Bin Xu Youping Wang Jianmin Chen |
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Institution: | (1) College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China;(2) Center of Measurement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China |
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Abstract: | Wheat mature seeds have large, lenticular A-type starch granules, and small, spherical B-type and irregular C-type starch
granules. During endosperm development, large amyloplasts came from proplastid, divided and increased in number through binary
fission from 4 to 12 days after flowering (DAF). Large starch granules formed and developed in the large amyloplast. One large
amyloplast had only one large starch granule. Small amyloplasts came from the protrusion of large amyloplast envelope, divided
and increased in number through envelope protrusion after 12 DAF. B-type starch granules formed and developed in small amyloplast
from 12 to 18 DAF, C-type starch granules formed and developed in small amyloplast after 18 DAF. Many B- and C-type starch
granules might form and develop in one small amyloplast. The amyloplast envelopes were asynchronously degraded and starch
granules released into cell matrix when amyloplasts were full of starch granules. Apparent amylose contents of large starch
granules were higher than that of small starch granules, and increased with endosperm development. The swelling powers and
crystallinity of large starch granule were lower than that of small starch granules, and decreased with endosperm development.
Small starch granules displayed broader gelatinization temperature ranges than did large starch granules. |
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