种子萌发对策:理论与实验

植物种子的萌发／休眠现象有复杂的原因和机制，综述了理论生态学家的研究结果。应用的理论基础是最优化理论和进化稳定对策(Ess)理论。当环境条件随机波动，种群受非密度依赖因素调节时，采用最优化理论的两头下注对策预测休眠一定会得到进化且萌发率与环境条件直接相关。环境条件稳定时采用进化稳定对策理论可得到在亲属竞争，种子扩散，基因冲突等等因素影响下的进化稳定休眠／萌发率，预测了休眠／萌发与它们之间的相互关系。以上各种环境条件影响种子萌发行为的方式可以表述为若种子立即萌发会遭遇到不良环境使适合度下降，那么就会推迟萌发，出现休眠，形成土壤种子库。萌发率应使种群适合度最优或具有进化稳定性。一些实验也部分验证了理论预测。

Seed germination strategy:theory and practice

The mechanisms of seed dormancy have attracted a lot of research due to the complex interpretation of this problem. This paper focuses on how theoretical ecologists explain dormancy by using models. Using optimal theory, they developed the bet|hedging strategy. By randomly varying the environment, a population of desert annual plants would reach maximum fitness when the seed germination fraction was approximately equal to the probability that a year will be good for the survivorship and reproduction, given...