Effects of marine paints on microbial biofilm development on three materials |
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Authors: | R J Tang J J Cooney |
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Institution: | (1) Environmental, Coastal, and Ocean Sciences Program, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125–3393, USA, US |
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Abstract: | The development of biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO-1 was studied using modified Robbins devices. Biofilm development was measured using viable counts, acridine orange direct
counts (AODC), and a colorimetric method for exopolysaccharide (EPS). Biofilms reached their maximum population 24–72 h after
inoculation on coupons with no paint or on coupons coated with marine paint VC-18 without additives. Biofilms on stainless
steel contained higher numbers of total cells and of viable cells than biofilms on fiberglass or aluminum. Coating the surfaces
with marine paint VC-18 resulted in decreased numbers of cells on stainless steel but had little effect on numbers of cells
on fiberglass or aluminum. Addition to the paint of Cu or tributyltin (TBT), the active components in two types of antifouling
paints, inhibited the initial development of biofilms. However, by 72–96 h, most biofilms contained the same number of cells
as surfaces without additives as shown by both viable counts and AODC. Biofilms that formed on surfaces coated with Cu- or
TBT-containing paint did not synthesize more EPS, suggesting that P. aeruginosa PAO-1 does not respond to these compounds by synthesizing more EPS, which could bind the metal and protect the cells. Rather,
these biofilms may contain Cu- or TBT-resistant cells. TBT-resistant cells made up 1–10% of the viable counts in biofilms
on uncoated stainless steel, but in biofilms on stainless steel coated with marine paint containing TBT, TBT-resistant cells
made up as much as 50% of the population. For non-coated stainless steel surfaces, Cu-resistant cells initially made up the
majority of the population, but after 48 h they made up less than 1% of the population. On Cu-coated stainless steel, Cu-resistant
cells predominated through 48 h, but after 48 h they comprised less than 10% of the population. These results suggest that
the growth of TBT-resistant and Cu-resistant cells contributes to biofilms of P. aeruginosa PAO-1 at early stages of development but not at later stages.
Received 16 December 1997/ Accepted in revised form 9 March 1998 |
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Keywords: | : microbial biofilms modified Robbins device (MRD) antifouling paint tributyltin (TBT) copper |
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