藻类富集重金属的特点及其应用展望

以藻类植物为主要对象的水体重金属修复已成为环境科学领域的研究热点.由于其特殊的细胞壁结构、较高的重金属富集能力、简便的解吸附方法等特点，藻类被认为是理想的生物吸附材料.文中简述了藻类适宜高富集重金属的结构及代谢特点，包括具有较高富集重金属能力的细胞壁功能基团、胞外产物、细胞内重金属螯合蛋白，以及生活藻类、死亡藻体及固定化处理后所表现出的高富集能力及简便的解吸附方法等，并对其用于污染水体修复的优缺点及应用趋势进行分析.

Characteristics of heavy metals enrichment in algae and its application prospects

Using algae to bio-remedy heavy metals-contaminated waters has become an available and practical approach for environmental restoration. Because of its special cell wall structure, high capadty of heavy metal enrichment, and easy to desorption, algae has been considered as an ideal biological adsorbent. This paper briefly introduced the structural and metabolic characteristics adapted for heavy metals enrichment of algae, including functional groups on ceil wall, extracellular products, and intracellular heavy metals-chelating proteins, discussed the enrichment capability of living, dead and immobiliaed algae as well as the simple and convenient ways for desorption, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of using algae for bioremediation of polluted water, and its application prospects.