Follistatin regulates bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) activity to stimulate embryonic muscle growth |
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Authors: | Amthor Helge Christ Bodo Rashid-Doubell Fiza Kemp C Fred Lang Emily Patel Ketan |
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Institution: | Institute of Anatomy, University of Freiburg, Germany. |
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Abstract: | Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) can either promote growth of embryonic muscle by expanding the Pax-3-expressing muscle precursor population or restrict its development by inducing apoptosis. Follistatin, a proposed BMP antagonist, is expressed in embryonic muscle. Deficiency in Follistatin results in muscle defects and postnatal asphyxia. Here, we report that during chick limb development Follistatin enhances BMP-7 action to induce muscle growth but prevents the ability of BMP-7 to induce apoptosis and muscle loss. Follistatin, unlike another BMP-binding protein, Noggin, promotes Pax-3 expression and transiently delays muscle differentiation and thus exerts proliferative signalling during muscle development. We provide data which show that Follistatin binds BMP-7 and BMP-2 at low affinities and that the binding is reversible. These data suggest that Follistatin acts to present BMPs to myogenic cells at a concentration that permits stimulation of embryonic muscle growth. |
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Keywords: | Follistatin BMP Noggin embryo muscle development Pax-3 MyoD Biacore |
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