The role of nicotianamine synthase in response to Fe nutrition status in Gramineae

Nicotianamine is an intermediate for the biosynthesis of mugineic acid-family phytosiderophores (MAs) in the Gramineae and a key substance for iron metabolism in dicots. Nicotianamine synthase catalyzes the formation of nicotianamine from S-adenosylmethionine. Nicotianamine synthase activity was induced in barley roots at the 3rd day after withholding Fe supply and declined within one day followmg the supply of Fe³⁺-epihydroxymugineic acid. The induction of nicotianamine synthase activity by Fe-deficiency was observed also in sorghum, maize, and rye, and the level of nicotianamine synthase activity was highly associated with the MAs secreted among graminaceous plant tested. Therefore, the nicotianamine synthase gene may be a suitable candidate for making a transgenic plant tolerant to Fe-deficiency.Abbreviations p-APMSF (p-amidinophenyl) methanesulfonylfluoride hydrochloride - NA nicotianamine - DMA 2-deoxymugineic acid - E-64 trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido-(4-guanidino) butane - epiHMA 3-epihydroxymugineic acid - MAs mugineic acid-family phytosiderophores which include deoxymugineic acid, mugineic acid, hydroxymugineic acid, epihydroxymugineic acid and avenic acid - PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone - SAM S-adenosylmethionine