我国“十三五”时期重要外来物种入侵防控科技进展与展望

随着经济全球化快速发展,外来物种入侵危害日益严重。“十三五”时期,我国针对当前面临的重大外来物种入侵威胁,按照基础前沿、共性关键技术与重大产品研发、典型应用示范研究3个层面,部署了一系列科技项目,取得了一批重大科研成果:阐明了入侵物种的入侵机理和进化机制,以及入侵植物与脆弱生态系统互作的调控机制;建立了潜在农业入侵生物信息分析平台,新发外来入侵物种的风险预测与评估模型,重大外来入侵物种的快速检测识别与监测预警技术,以及综合防控技术体系;围绕豚草、空心莲子草、苹果蠹蛾、番茄潜叶蛾、甜菜孢囊线虫等危害特点,开展全程防控技术应用示范。“十三五”期间,基本实现了潜在入侵物种数据量持续丰富完善,新发/突发入侵物种应急防控技术产品有效储备能力增强,重大入侵物种综合防控技术体系逐步健全的良好格局。面向“十四五”,建议继续支持外来物种入侵防控研究,推动“关口前移、疆域监控、灭除阻截、联控减灾”等核心技术的研发,实现有效防控生物入侵的重大目标。

Progress and prospects in prevention and control of alien invasive species during the 13th five-year plan period in China

The problem of alien invasive species is compounding. During the 13th five-year plan period, China has carried out a series of research projects on basic frontiers, major common key technologies, major product research and development, and application demonstration research. These projects helped us understand the spread of invasive species and evolutionary mechanisms and interactions of invasive plants in fragile ecosystems. A potential agricultural invasive bioinformatics analysis platform, a risk prediction and assessment model of new alien invasive species, and a comprehensive prevention and control technology system of alien invasive species have been established. Rapid detection, monitoring, and warning system for major alien invasive species have also been developed. Aiming to limit Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Cydia pomonella, Tuta absoluta, and Heterodera schachtii, the prevention and control technology has been demonstrated. During the 13th five-year plan period, information on potentially invasive species was enriched and improved, and the effective reserve capacity of new and emergent invasive species emergency prevention and control technology products has been enhanced, and a comprehensive technical system for the prevention and control of major invasive species has been established. Considering the aims of the 14th five-year plan, it is recommended to continue to support research on the prevention and control of alien invasive species. This will promote the research and development of core technologies of "prevention beforehand, territory monitoring, elimination and interception, joint control and disaster reduction", and help achieve the primary goal of effective prevention and control of biological invasion.