用染色体工程法培育小麦新品种

染色体工程是培育小麦新品种的有效方法。利用5B染色体效应及定向选择,将黑麦抗条锈基因导入普通小麦,选育出的M8003品系,对条中22—29号等7个生理小种完全免疫,农艺性状良好。核型鉴定,2n=42,含4条随体染色体;Giemsa C-带和N-带分析,以及杂种F_1染色体配对分析,初步判断属于2BS/2RS端部易位和5AL/5RL部分易位。它不同于洛夫林10、13号等1B/1R类型的抗条锈基因,为一新的小麦-黑麦类型条锈抗源,而且是可供生产直接利用的优良品系。

The Production of New Varieties in Common Wheat by Chromosome Engineering

The chromosome engineering is an effective method of producing new wheat varieties. A new line M8003 has been produced by 5B chromosome effect and directive selection by transferring the gene(s) of yellow rust resistance in rye (Secale cereale) to common wheat. It is immunized from physiologic races Chinese No.22 lo 29 of yellow rust and has good agronomic characters. It has 4 sat-chromosomes (2n = 42). The tentative analysis of Giemsa Obanding, N-banding and meiotic configuration of F1 hybrids indicated that M8003 was a translocation line of 2BS/2RS terminal translocation and 5AL/5RL partial translocation. It is a new resistant resource to yellow rust in the wheat-rye type, distinguishing from the type of 1B/1R resistant sources of Lovrin 10 and Lovrin 13.