Analysis of supercooling activities of surfactants |
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| Authors: | Chikako Kuwabara Ryuji Terauchi Hiroshi Tochigi Hisao Takaoka Keita Arakawa Seizo Fujikawa |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Research Faculty and Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0805, Japan;2. New Product Development Office, COSMO-OIL LUBRICANTS Co., Ltd., 1134-2 Gongendo, Saitama 340-0193, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Supercooling-promoting activities (SCAs) of 25 kinds of surfactants including non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric types were examined in solutions (buffered Milli-Q water, BMQW) containing the ice nucleation bacterium (INB) Erwinia ananas, silver iodide (AgI) or BMQW alone, which unintentionally contained unidentified ice nucleators, by a droplet freezing assay. Most of the surfactants exhibited SCA in solutions containing AgI but not in solutions containing the INB E. ananas or BMQW alone. SCAs of many surfactants in solutions containing AgI were very high compared with those of previously reported supercooling-promoting substances. Cationic surfactants, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C16TAB) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (C16TAC), at concentrations of 0.01% (w/v) exhibited SCA of 11.8 °C, which is the highest SCA so far reported. These surfactants also showed high SCAs at very low concentrations in solutions containing AgI. C16TAB exhibited SCA of 5.7 °C at a concentration of 0.0005% (w/v). |
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| Keywords: | Supercooling Freezing of water Heterogeneous ice nucleation Surfactants Antifreeze proteins |
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